Dystopian Fiction Essay

Dystopian fiction is a world where everything is misery and is under strict order by the government and the people have no control and rights in the world they live in. The general reason why authors write dystopian fiction based books is to have criticism on society today or give warnings on the possibility of what could happen to our world and the devastating effects that can happen if we were to have a dystopian world. 1984 is set in a totalitarian society and this book gives us a message that too much government is a bad thing people should be able to have the right and should not be influenced under a totalitarian society. Harrison Bergeron is set in a world where everyone is equal and are handicapped to make sure everyone is equal and nobody can be different the book makes criticism of social engineering allowing stupidity. The calorie man is set in New Orleans and a smuggler Lalji as he tries to bring back fertility in crops and stop genetic manufacturing of food sources and c rop and stop the business making the profit. All of these book of us strong warnings of the possibility’s that our world could sir come to, if we don’t treat things with serious care the some mistakes made in the past could be made in the future, and that the world should not be shaped to only be benefited by a single man or company This book is all a totalitarian society. The author of the book is George Orwell, published in 1949, which back then made this books time zone was about the future. This is a story were the world is all controlled by 1 party. This party sets a lot of demands that the society has to follow day by day or they will be punished. The whole society is being watched through electrical devises, whom some are not aware of where they are located. In this story, there is a guy named Winston who is a part of the party whom is making all the rules and restriction for the society to follow. All of a sudden Winston does not want to be a part of the party and starts to give warning to people that there is too much government control and starts to warn people about the danger of living in a totalitarian society. The warnings from this story talk about how the government in the real world are in control of all of us and the fear is that one day they will take privilege of the power and start to make strict restriction just like how the party did in the book. In the book Harrison Bergeron tells a completely different version to 1984 instead of a world of a totalitarianism society it  is in a world where they make everyone equal and compared to the normal world where if you are different to the normal way we live you are silenced, but everyone is given handicaps in order to be equal. His parents one who is handicapped because of his intelligence are watching and he is on TV trying to inspire a revolution against handicapping the gifted, he is then latter shot on TV but his parents are to handicapped to of noticed what had happened. Anyone who has. This has warnings of socials engineering, society being dumbed down in order to be equal and warning about being difference being seen as a bad thing. The calorie man is set in the future were resources have dried up and scientist a genetically making food in the New Orleans, The author Paolo Bicigalupi and warns us of the effects that can happen of corporations having control over food sources and genetic engineering and the corporate control This book offers us warnings against failing to act on climate change, the risk of corporations dominating public life, and the risks of using genetic engineering to solve food problems, the possibility of terminator seeds becoming a reality. That could happen, He wants to give us a warning of intrusting too much to science and not doing anything to save and fix the environmental issues we face today. Story is about Lalji a smuggler who agrees to take a job ferrying a geneticist out of the calorie company’s lands and bringing him to New Orleans. It’s discovered that he has the ability to reintroduce fertility into crops again to break the control of the calorie companies. The purpose of dystopian fiction is to give us warnings and tell us the possibility’s to what could happen under a totalitarian society and it tells us that we should have our own rights and everybody should be equal, The point of 1984 was to tell us the consequences of what happens in a dystopian world and under totalitarian society and government.

Ray Bradbury’s Predictions in Fahrenheit 451 Essay

As we all know, Ray Bradbury, Author of Fahrenheit 451, made many predictions as to what this day and age would be like. He was right in many cases including speed, entertainment, and the mindlessness of people. He predicted that nobody would speak more than a couple of words at a time to a certain person. That makes the people seem mindless because they don’t talk or ask questions. Ray also predicted that people would drive by places so fast that the y don’t even know what they passed. That has not quite happened in out tome yet, but I believe it is coming. One of the final things that Bradbury talks about in his book is entertainment, slowly but surely, people are starting to stay indoors and do such activities so they don’t have to go outside. Being obsessed with entertainment, which is probably the most obvious aspect of this book, is very important in our world and Montag’s made up society. The characters rarely have friends, and if they do, they just go over each other’s houses to watch television. Bradbury makes this clear when Mildred says to Montag, â€Å"I went to Helen’s last night† (50). He replies by saying, â€Å"Couldn’t you get the shows in your own parlor† (50). She says, â€Å"Sure, but it’s nice visiting† (50). In that statement she clarifies that the only reason she goes over friend’s houses is to watch television, not to talk, eat, or go outside and have a good time. An example of someone who is not obsessed with entertainment is Clarisse, the 17 year old girl who is â€Å"different† from everyone else because she enjoyed life. She enjoyed smelling flowers, walking in the rain, and getting into deep conversations with people. Clarisse thinks that all people ever do is watch the â€Å"Parlor Walls,† go to the races, and amusement parks. Our society is turning out to be like that, we have to stop it before it’s too late. A couple of years ago, family used to go to amusement parks as a treat every once in a while, now a days we have people that go almost every other day. Speed plays a very large role in the book Fahrenheit 451. People in their society were completely obsessed with speed; they increased the size of billboards to two hundred feet long so that the advertisement would last as the people rushed by it. Clarisse says, â€Å"My uncle drove slowly on a highway once; He drove forty miles an hour and they jailed him for two days† (9).  Clarisse also says that if you showed a truck driver a green blur, he will tell you that it’s grass. Second, if you show a truck driver and pink blur, he will tell you that it is a rose garden. Third, if you show a truck driver a white blur, he will say that it is a house. Finally, if you show a truck driver a brown blur, he will tell you that it is a cow. Towards the end of the book, Clarisse was suspected to have been hit by a speeding car and killed. That proves that people don’t slow down for anything and speed is a major part in Montag’s world. In our society, people are starting to get more and more speeding tickets. The police are really cracking down on people going over the speed limit. People are constantly on the move, going fast to get more done. People are now making microwavable dinners, eating on the run, and many are resorting to eating fast food. They know that it is not good for you but they eat it anyway because it is fast, and it keeps them going at the pace, they want to keep their lives going at. Cars these days are getting faster and faster, you pay a little bit more and get a BMW or a Porsche, just to keep up the speed that all of us think we have to stay at. People in both Montag’s society and our society today are very mindless. In Montag’s society, all people do is watching the â€Å"parlor walls.† You are considered odd or weird if you enjoy talking, asking questions, or enjoying things in nature. Clarisse if one of those people that Montag’s society considers to be odd. She loves to ask questions and get into deep conversations with people; in fact her whole family is like that. Even when Montag first meets her, he is very amazed by how â€Å"weird† she is. Guy looks at Clarisse and laughs when she tells him that fireman actually used to stop fires that started by accident. She asks him if he ever reads any of the books that he is told to burn. He turns to her and yells, â€Å"That’s against the law! (8)† That is the point at which Guy really starts to wonder about books and why they are burning them. Mildred is one of the people in the made up world that is very mindless. She  always watches her parlor walls and has friends over to just watch with her, they never talk or anything which proves to me that she is very mindless. In our world, technology is getting to the point where we don’t have to leave our houses very much. That is scary because I am afraid that we are going to turn out just like Bradbury predicted. This story is coming true and there is very few things that we can do about it. Speed, entertainment, and mindlessness of people are starting to come true in our world today. It is surprising that Bradbury could make so many predictions so many years ago and have them be so accurate. Overall Ray Bradbury is a very good author that catches the attention of his readers by telling them what things will be like in the future. I certainly hope that all of these negative things that Bradbury predicted will not become any truer as time progresses.

Adult Day Care

Adult day care (ADC) service centers should be built in our community to take care of elders during the day time when their family members are out at work or unable in pertaining necessary heed to the elders. Thus it is necessary to action in this regard. Services usually take place in their residences or in designated hospice residences or hospitals.Hospice services consist of basic nursing heed, mental health counseling, homemaker and personal care help, plus pastoral care and spiritual counseling. In addition, physician-directed procedures are used to assist in pain control and acute or chronic system management.II. Project DescriptionA. IntroductionWith a heart full of sun drenched reminiscences of his golden times of yore, when a person steps into the dusky horizon of old age, after traveling through all crests and troughs of life, he seeks a peaceful shelter to stay for the rest of his life. Parents or guardians when capable, bring up their children, provide them food, educatio n and fulfill all their basic needs.Therefore it also becomes the responsibility of the young to take care of their parents or guardians when they grow old.   There are elderly people, who entertain intensive care and affection from their families, but there also exist elderly persons who either do not have anybody in their family to pay attention to them or their family members are too busy to do so. Such elderly people can take the help of Adult day care services.B. Rationale and Significance:1. Definition of the problemOld age brings with it chronic diseases, intolerable pain, frustrating incapability, never ending solitude, etc. Though, it can become a peaceful shelter with care and affection of family and friends. But being a primary caregiver for an elder can be a difficult job.Matters like Bathroom Safety, pain management, proper nutritional care, special care for elders living with Incontinence, etc have to be always kept in mind. All these are not so easy for a busy perso n. The hours are time-consuming and it can be a wearisome and anxiety-provoking duty, for even the most enduring person.2. Background of the ProblemIn this dynamic world, that is moving from progress to greater progress, in an endless motion people are compelled to devote most of their time to their work and social life. Thus people are unable to dedicate the necessary time and care to the elders. Establishment of Adult day care (ADC) can prove to be a cost-effective way out to a loved one's care requirements during the daytime.Adult day care (ADC) services, with all modern medical equipments and techniques, endow with daytime care for feeble elders and aged people with disabilities in form of a group termed as adult day care center. Services may differ depending on the requirements of the people served.3. Need for a SolutionAs a result there is a specific need for solution to this problem. With varying routine of care, ADCs serve its members with wide range of social, health, recre ational, medical care, or rehabilitation to persons with chronic diseases or disabilities. Thus, it is necessary to comprehend what echelon of care can exactly meet the needs of the person to be admitted.4. There will be weekly evaluations doneAs corruption and unnecessary delay are common practices, which easily becomes part of any organization, weekly evaluations of the performance of the Adult day care (ADC) service centers should be done by government personnel, such as government doctors, food inspectors, health department representatives, etc, to provide the best of care to the elders of the community.5. Benefits from the solutionAdult day care put forward a dual benefit for elders and their families. Participants can get benefited from socialize with fellow members and receiving desired care services. Caregivers can also get benefited by getting a break from care giving responsibilities during the day time while being well convinced that a loved one is in good hands and they do not have to worry for them. Adult day care (ADC) services take profound care of their members.6. Feasibility of the solutionADCs are becoming more and more popular these days. More than 4,000 ADCs currently function in the U.S only and most of them are nonprofit programs. These ADCs acquire specialization in a particular populace or echelon of care, establishing qualification on one’s diagnosis or purposeful status and occasionally on age. Thus ADC can come up as a gainful system to meet the care requirements of elders in our community during the daytime.C. Plan of work:A. ScopeWith government subvention, support and direction, donations and assistance from non government or non profit or public welfare organizations, funds collected from residents of the community, and with their voluntary assistance Adult day care (ADC) service centers can be establisher in the community.B. MethodsAdult day care is a term generally used to portray different categories of adult day care s ervices. Most of the ADCs services serve to older adults where as some may specialize in taking care of   younger adults with disabilities, or those with developmental disabilities. Different adult day care foundations use different terms to describe their services.Though the programs may in names, three most widespread types of ADCs are social day care, adult day health care, and dementia day care. The social day care form offers a gentle environment for persons without particular health care requirements.Activities usually comprise socialization with other members, group activities which are ethnical and specially designed for the aged, such as, current proceedings, singing or games, therapeutic activities and meals, personal care support, etc.C. Task breakdownThe adult day health care (ADHC) form helps persons with an array of health, rehabilitative, social and mental health requirements, often relating a physician's assessment and recommendation. Nursing and health care servic es are offered on the program, such as help with medications, health monitoring, physical therapy, occupational therapy, incontinence care and speech therapy, etc.The aim of ADHC is to reinstate or maintain a member’s best possible functioning. AS ADHC is more medically designed, licensed organizations may be paid back by Medicaid for making it available to low-income members. The dementia day care program specializes in helping persons with Alzheimer's disease, or other such challenging conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke, etc.Dementia day care aims at preventing early institutionalization of persons with dementia and to endow with a break for family caregivers. Specialized programs proffer suitable activities for those who are suffering with confusion or memory loss, such as music or art, reminiscence, therapeutic activities in a harmless, secure surrounding with proper care and staff-to-participant proportion.Staffs with experience and tra ining in dementia care, behavior management strategies, and communication techniques are appointed in Dementia day care. Along with the above models few more models of ADC are also available these days, such as Living board and care model, Independent living centers, Hospice care and Respite care. The Living board and care model consists of smaller group homes which endow with concern for seniors and feeble elders have several names.D. Time and work scheduleA hospice team associate is on-call 24-hours to provide advice or assistance with an emergency. Hospice clients obtain services in accordance with an individualized plan of service. A social worker is usually charged with supporting the patient and family and in helping the care team in working efficiently with the family.Respite care is formed to alleviate caregivers of their everyday jobs. Some Adult Day Health Centers even organize transportation facilities. Home health agencies can also enter the field to provide assistance b y introducing a homemaker or home health assistant.   Moreover, home health organization can arrange for round the clock care and over night care.E. Problem AnalysisDepending on where one resides, they could be termed as board and care homes, assisted living, personal care, adult group homes, adult foster care, boarding care homes or adult family homes. These dwellings proffer room and board in a small home like atmosphere, usually accommodating about 10 persons or less. They are often positioned in residential vicinity and provide a less professional substitute to trained nursing facilities of nursing homes or hospitals.As these homes do not provide medically-prescribed skilled nursing facilities, they usually can not be paid back by Medicaid. Some states provide licensing supplies for board and care homes which control services, staffing, facility environment and reimbursement. Alternate means of paying back such as supplemental security income – SSI are also accepted for low-income members.Independent living centers (ILCs) are usually private charitable community-based institutions which grant services and advocacy to persons with all sorts of disabilities. The majority are also consumer-controlled by persons with disabilities. The importance is on helping persons to maximize their prospective and live as autonomously as feasible in the community.The expansion of ILCs develops from the disability rights movement where persons with disabilities fought to recover their independence and reduce the requirements for institutional care. ILCs often make use of their constituencies to promote the rights of individuals with disabilities at the local, state, and national levels.Issues include admission to public buildings such as government buildings, restaurants, movie theaters, restrooms, parks, disabled parking and public transportation, and housing. They may be implicated in raging war against discrimination in the place of work and promoting employment prospects for citizens with disabilities, as well as engaging in avenues to increase health care exposures, contact to medical specialists and enduring care services.ILCs recruit staffs having knowledge on public reimbursements such as Medicaid, disability insurance, etc. Additionally, some ILCs also offer support groups, workshops, or instruction. Hospice services provide palliative care for persons with terminal sickness in the last stages of life and their families.Hospice coalesce medical, emotional, social and spiritual support to ease the dying person and his family and maintain dignity at the end-of-life. Services are dispensed through the involvement of physicians, nurses, social workers, therapists and volunteers.F. Likelihood of SuccessRespite care intends to ease the stress allied with care giving. Respite care can also be an unofficial arrangement, where acquaintances of the elder or another family member does the care giving duties for a few hours or a few days a week.à ‚   Adult Day Health Centers, Respite Centers, Senior Centers, and Skilled Nursing Facilities also offer respite care.Skilled nursing facilities that offer short-term respite are also available for the clients who require nursing care. Thus it becomes necessary to choose which services are to be provided in the ADC service center to meet our requirements and also fit within our budget. Once all these elements are analyzed and evaluated and implemented in accordance to plan there is no reason that the plan would ever fail. Thus likelihood of success is guaranteed.D. Facilities and Equipment:An Adult day care (ADC) service center having ultra modern equipments, well experienced and proficient doctors and nurses, surplus supply of medicines other stuffs, etc, required for instant diagnosis and proper treatment, should be formed in the community.A total carpet area of 3000 to 3500sqfts is required where there would be at least 8 to 10 rooms. Additionally there would be gardens or vast o pen areas. Modern medical equipments such as X-ray machines, CT scan, Ultra Sonography, ECG, Pace makers and other important instruments would be installed. Arrangements should be made to provide necessary and instant medical treatment to the elders in case of emergencies.III. Personnel Qualifications:Qualified physiotherapists, psychiatrists, yoga trainers etc should be appointed to endow with spiritual heal along with physical and mental fitness to the elders. Nutritionists and center supervisors can also be appointed to administer the workings in the center, so as to provide proper healthy food and maintain hygiene of the center.IV. Budget:Establishment of an Adult day care (ADC) service center accommodating at least a hundred members in it and providing all aforementioned facilities require a large area of about 3000 to 3500sqfts, having at least 8 to 10 rooms with gardens or vast open areas.   This may cost approximately $122000 to $134000.Costs of modern medical equipments s uch as X-ray machines, CT scan, Ultra Sonography, ECG, Pace makers and several other devices can be all together rounded up to $490000 to $580000. Remunerations of doctors, nurses and other employees together calculated makes near about $8000 to $12200 per month.Along with these disbursements expenses on purchase of food and medicines, payments of electricity bills, telephone bills, taxes, etc also have to be considered.   (Roy, 2006)V. Urge to Action:By and large people feel unenthusiastic to use adult day care services for the reason that they give the unknown impression, or since a loved one is tentative to endeavor something untried. Knowledge about Adult day care (ADC) services has to be made available to them. Some people, who are economically not so sound, may ADC expensive to use. Some concessions and relaxation in fees should be provided to them.VI. AppendixOld age never comes alone. It brings with it chronic diseases, intolerable pain, frustrating incapability, never end ing solitude, etc. Thus the journey in the twilight of life becomes a painful hell. Old age can become a peaceful shelter with care and affection of family and friends.Adult day care (ADC) services lend a helping hand to both the elder and their family. It relives from the pressure and monotone of taking care of their loved ones, at the same time endowing with the best care to the elder. Thus Official Proposal for Adult Daycare program in the Community is seriously needed.Reference:Roy, S; (2006) List of Instruments with Price; Medical Collage Equipment Handout- Year 2006; Kolkata Medical Collage. Kolkata: Universal Press

Human Resources Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources Management - Assignment Example HRM is said to have evolved from personnel management and very little difference exists between the two as explained in literature; Hendry and Pettigrew viewed HRM as a different perspective of personnel management. However, a thorough study reveals that HRM essentially deals with strategic integration of personnel management functions in order to instil better accountability and ownership of human resources and to improve commitment between human resources and the firm. Personnel management can be traced back to industrial revolution, in firms such as Ford, which has eventually evolved to HRM even in these firms. Both, Tesco and McDonald’s operate as retail outlets and provide different services to their customers across the globe; while Tesco is a large supermarket with its major presence in the UK, McDonald’s is a fast-food restaurant operating throughout the world. Primarily, the functions of HRM include HR planning and acquisition, compensation and benefits, employ ee relations, safe working conditions, and human resources development; HRM’s secondary functions involve supportive activities such as job designing, performance management and performance appraisal systems, and research and information activities. (Sims, RR & Sims, SJ, 2007). For instance, at McDonald’s, HRM functions include activities related to maintaining employee relations and managing technology and processes; however, McDonald’s has customized these functions according to the country they operate through a team of HR directors that travel around the world to formulate and implement HR policies and procedures that match the local requirements and conform to legislation (Sims, 2002). Observations show McDonald’s typically comprises of working crew, supervisors/managers and probably some back-office personnel that work at locations other than their outlets. According to their website, HR function at McDonald’s focuses on acquiring and develop ing best talent suitable to their business through strong practices and by providing constant support and learning opportunities. Their main functions include job analysis, HR planning, recruitment, development, performance appraisal, and compensation (HRMS, n.d). Their corporate strategy is to provide an exceptional customer experience through people, products, place, price and promotion (Mission & Values, n.d). Their first step towards this is to hire the right people for the job followed by training and development. Tesco’s HR function takes credit for its diversified businesses and substantial growth (MacLachlan, 2009). According to MacLachlan’s (2009) report, their HR team was able to successfully blend technical excellence and expertise with customer needs through integrity, which led to their growth. Tesco’s business policies and procedures are strategically aligned to its core mission through identification of leaders, commitment, training and developmen t. Their HR function is involved in almost every aspect of these activities in order to achieve the desired outcomes. Considering the line managers’ perspective, generally, they own the responsibility of conducting business with the help of frontline staff. They manage routine business operations through planning, organising and controlling; and developing human resources through training,

Cancer and what if cancer is cured Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cancer and what if cancer is cured - Term Paper Example The uncontrollable growth of cells results in formation of malignant tumors. The cells divide and grow fast to invade surrounding body parts as the growth enlarges and expands. Some cancerous growths spread to other very distant places on the body through the blood stream or the lymphatic system. It is worth noting that not all tumors and growths on the body are cancerous. Benign tumors for instance do not spread all over the body or invade body tissues near them. As of today, there are about 200 known types of cancerous infections that inflict human beings. The cancerous growths are often very harmful to and affect the normal functioning of the human body. After a cancer infection, one’s body loses control over the growth of the cells which begin to divide and split and enlarge. Healthy and normal body cells often split and divide from time to time as they create other healthy cells in the body. This process however has been used to facilitate the growth and spread of cancero us cells once one becomes infected. The cancerous cells divide and recreate themselves as they make other copies of themselves leading to more cancerous cells. The process goes on as the tumors enlarge and expand to the nearby parts. These cancerous growths usually make the victim uncomfortable and in some cancers, it is usually very painful. Metastasis is a process that enables cancerous cells to spread to other body tissues. Metastasis involves cancerous cells moving through the blood stream of the lymphatic system. This process of spreading cancer cells to other body parts is often referred to as metastasizing. In developed countries, cancer has been recognized as the biggest cause of death. In some cases it has been compared to HIV/AIDS in developing countries especially in the early 90’s. It has become one of the most researched diseases in the world today with most studies focusing on prevention and cure, as well as early detection among other aspects of the dreaded dis ease. Cancer can affect anyone irrespective of their age. A majority of the cancer infections however mostly affect people as they tend to grow older (Kinzler & Vogelstein, 2002). The reason for this is that as an individual grows older, their DNA gets old too. This results in the DNA being damaged, or any other damage that may have happened before may get worsen the situation as one grows older. There are also other types of cancer that are more common among young people than the old. Testicular cancer, also known as cancer of the testicles, for instance is more common among young males than among older men. Cancer is caused by a wide range of complex and diverse issues, most of them have only been understood partially with studies going on to determine the specific causes. The few universally acknowledged causal agents of cancer include exposure to radiation, obesity, tobacco, environmental pollutions, other dietary factors and lack of adequate physical activity. All these factors damage body genes leading to development of cancerous cells. They can also combine with other factors in the body to damage genes and cause cancer to victims through mutations on various body parts that will spread to other parts throughout the development of the disease. About 5-10% of cancer infections occur as inherited genetic defects from cancerous infections that run down through

Psychology and Child Psychiatry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology and Child Psychiatry - Essay Example The manner, in which the parent and the child relate, influences the outcome behavior of that particular child in his/her adulthood life. Furthermore, attachment theory looks at how this relationship in the early life affects both the mental and emotional aspects of children in their adulthood. In relation to criminal justice, attachment theory evaluates both the prosocial and antisocial behavior of children and their effects to the social norms and control. Poor attachment between the child and the parent results in antisocial behaviors manifesting itself within the child such as imitating public figures and peers that supplement the child-parent relationship. Attachment theory asserts that a good relationship between the child and their parent may lead to better emotional development and mental well-being. However, parent-child attachment has its implications if not well established. It may lead to children acquiring attributes and traits that do not conform to the social norms, such as, getting involved in criminal. Secure child-parent attachment results to the child developing sense of self-control and positive attributes. Contrary to that, insecure child-parent attachment may result to the adulthood life of that child to face difficulty in conforming to the social control and norms of the society. Weakened child-parent relationship may lead to increased crime related activities since the children. Parent-child bond is a crucial determinant to the overall relationship of that child with the social norms. It has been examined that weaker bond results to unaccepted practices later on. This is evident whereby a child raised up by aggressive and abusive parents, develops a negative behavior towards life. He/she may be characterized violence and aggression to others. Additionally, this child may seek refuge in oneself for comfort, love and affection denied to him/her by the parent(s)

Global Supply Chain Management of Apple Inc Essay

Global Supply Chain Management of Apple Inc - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  Apple Inc. generally develops their software and hardware internally which has assisted the organisation to introduce a highly systematic product design process. This process allows the organisation to introduce exceptional initial performance which is far above than the competitor brands. Alternatively, the integration of software vendor, such as Goggle, has assisted Samsung to only indulge in hardware development process. Though this practice has allowed the organisation to shorten their product development process to semi-annual cycle, it has also introduced fragmentation and limitation within their initial performance.This research highlights that  Apple Inc. considers the centralized supply chain coordination procedure which influences them to utilize centralized decision making procedure. The concept of centralized decision making process assists organisations to select a unique decision maker for the management and coordination of entire s upply chain. The centralized coordinated supply chain model allows organisations to standardize their product quality and channel partner’s performance.  Proper acquisition of essential technological products and services as well as efficient integration of research and development procedure with the profit and loss accountability has allowed the iPhone supply chain of Apple inc. to systematically balance their centralized supply chain coordination procedure.

New Curriculum from Teaching Tolerance Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New Curriculum from Teaching Tolerance - Article Example informality incorporates more expression in the article and reflects the author’s ability to connect with the audience, which is primarily teachers in this case. Supporting the arguments with examples e.g. offering learning targets as an example to elaborate how the authors went beyond the literacy standards enhances the understanding of the audience. The article ends with a question for the audience which is an effective way of keeping the sound echoing in the minds of the audience after the article has been read. This article is fairly expressive and yet concise. The contemporary American society is made up of people that belong to a variety of backgrounds in terms of culture, race, religion, and beliefs. Traditionally, the curriculum in American schools has not been customized to address the needs of an ever-diversifying American society. Introduction of the anti-bias education at every grade level is the first and the foremost step to a truly diverse

Dimensions and Diversity in Primary Science Essay

Dimensions and Diversity in Primary Science - Essay Example The N.C offers varieties of subjects to choose Art and design, Citizenship, Design and technology, English, Geography, History, ICT, Mathematics, Modern foreign languages, Music education & Science. The aim of the N.C is to focus more on the qualities of the skill they need to posses in order to be more successful in school and higher learning. The curriculum offered should enable all young people to establish themselves as follows: The N.C gives a lot of importance to the development of Personality in school this is because so that young people are assisted in their morals, cultural, academic development which will be more focused on their needs no matter which social class they belong to. They learn to achieve higher standard of living and learn to enjoy the whole learning experience even making them much more responsible individuals. Personal learning and Enhancing thinking techniques are given more importance as it will help them to be a better civilian, manager, parent or even a life partner. In order to plan an effective curriculum for the children, it should be more focused on the personal development. Not forgetting that each employee of the school can effectively contribute toward the child's development. Educating children will allow them to have a brighter future plan so in order for this to happen they need to develop important skills that will make their quality of life and employment opportunity m uch better. This would include those skills that transmit to learning or other skills which are more generic or which are convenient. This will help them to be more creative, reflective learner, solution finders and work in teams and in order to be successful they will also learn to transmit their ideas , that is communicate more efficiently. The N.C is basically focused on (PLTS) that is development of personal, learning and thinking skills. And along with this polishing of basic skills like English, Mathematics and information technology is given utmost importance. (13 May 2008.). key stage 3& 4. Retrieved January 1, 2009, from Skills Website,http://curriculum.qca.org.uk/key-stages-3-and-4/curriculum-in-action/casestudieslibrary/case-studies/Inclusion_and_success_for_all.aspx ) Since Science is now an important subject much light is given on it by the National Curriculum. It focuses on energy, electricity and forces and their effects on shape and motion and the variety of electric current in circuits it also focuses on Material behavior of atom and its physical properties, elements and compounds. The national curriculum for science also focuses on the life process, biology, fertilization, growth development and also the harmful effects of drugs on humans and also how ones behavior maybe influenced by external and internal factors. Finally, it help learn about the whole universe, that would be all the planets and how human activity brings about other changes in the environment. The new-fangled curriculum which is now been formulated

Politics in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politics in the Middle East - Essay Example That led to counter reaction and eventually and the current deplorable situation. In Iran on the other hand, the domestic politics remain complex with issues like the contentious nuclear program leads to instability. Furthermore, the president supports the Syrian president against ISS that exposes Iraq to risks of attack from the terrorist group. Black (2014) presents Syria political condition as the worst of all in the nations found in the Middle East region. The declaration of ISS of Syria as an Islamic State led to outbreak of war between the government and forces that backs it from Iran and the militiamen of Shia from Iraq. It is evident that efforts to eliminate the group remain far from bearing fruits. The impact however, proves more devastating with lost lives accounting to over one hundred and fifty civilians while immigrating civilians have led to creation of refugees’ crisis across Europe. Lebanon equally suffers mostly as a result of war in Syria and the existence o f a deeply fractured polity that the nation enjoys. As a result of Lebanon’s president defense to the Syrian president, tension remains high as the Sunni community reacts violently. War in Syria affects Jordan as more than six hundred refugees joined the country. Furthermore, tensions remain high with the political leaders of Jordan wary of Isis appealing to disaffected Sunnis. Turkey on the other hand provides support to anti-Assad rebels, but still worried about Isis as well as the independence of Kurdish (Black, 2014).

Experiential paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Experiential paper - Essay Example The purpose of the internship was to help develop my human resource skills while interacting with people in the profession. As an intern, I looked at the potential employee problems at the Saudi Arabia Royal Embassy and their functions, in technical skill, human skill, and conceptual skill. There are three basic management skills: technical, human and conceptual. A technical skill is the ability to use tools, techniques, and specialized knowledge to carry out a method, process, or procedure. (Higgins, p 13) An example of this would be the Naval Attach a position which advises on all things military, especially the royal navy, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, to the Ambassador and appropriate stakeholders, such as the United Nations or the United States of America. Another example, would be the computer programmer attach who needed the technical information systems skills to maintain the computer systems at the embassy - particularly critical - since support otherwise would be from a different and incompatible time zone and location to distant to provide onsite support. Human skills are used to build positive interpersonal relationships, solve human relations problems, build acceptance of one's co-workers, and relate to them in a way that their behavior is consistent with the needs of the organization. This is especially needed when there are vast differences in the cultures as is often the case in current globalizations of businesses and governments across the world. Conceptual skills involve the ability to see the organization as a whole and to solve problems in a way that benefits the entire organization. (Higgins, p 15) Analytical, creative and intuitive talents make up the manager's conceptual skills. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Royal Embassy The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located in southwest Asia, at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa; extending from the Red Sea in the west to the Arabian Gulf in the east; bordered on the north by Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait, on the south, by Yemen and Oman, and on the east by the United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Bahrain. The terrain is varied; fairly barren and harsh, with salt flats, gravel plains and sand deserts; a few man-made lakes but no permanent streams; in the south, the Rub Al-Khali (Empty Quarter), the largest sand desert in the world; in the southwest, mountain ranges of over 9,000 feet. The climate is June through August, over 110 degrees Fahrenheit midday in the desert; humidity in coastal regions up to 100 percent; elsewhere, mild; possible winter temperatures in the northern and central regions dropping below freezing; rainfall, from none at all for up to 10 years in the Rub Al-Khali, to 20 inches a year in the mountains of Asir Province.The populate is as of the 2004 census, 22.7 million, including about 6 million expatriates. The practicing religion is Islam, which is the basis of the legal system and of government. Islamic state based on principles prescribed by the Qur'an (Islam's Holy Book) and the Shari'ah (Islamic law); Provincial Council System, Consultative Council (Majlis Al-Shura), and Council of Ministers. Arabic is the spoken language, however, English is widely spoken in urban areas. King

Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay You make decision everyday; whether it is choosing what you make for breakfast or choosing what you want to be when you grow up. It is natural in humans to make decisions and act on what they believe is to be true. This not only applies to humans, but authors use them in their books or plays to create different types of characters. In one of the greatest works by William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, there are characters that make many different kinds of decisions that determine their role in the book. In the play, the protagonist Hamlet, after his father’s death, is angry about his mother’s hasty marriage to Claudius. He sees a ghost of his father one night and tells him that Claudius had murdered him. Hamlet plans to kill Claudius but he has trouble making decisions and throughout the play, his poor decision making skills bring downfall to himself and many others. Every tragic hero has a tragic flaw and Hamlet’s tragic flaw is his inability to make decisions. Hamlet’s inability to kill Claudius after hearing from the ghost, that he had killed Hamlet Senior, contributes to his stubborn indecisiveness, which brings about his own downfall. His indecisiveness leads to many character’s deaths; such as Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Laertes, Polonius and his own mother. He had many chances of killing Claudius but he constantly over thinks the situation thus delaying his major task of killing Claudius: To take him in the purging of his soul When he is fit and seasoned for his passage? No. Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent. When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage, Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed, At game a-swearing, or about some act That has no relish of salvation in ’t—. Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven (III. III. 85) This is an example of Hamlet being indecisive on whether or not to kill Claudius in the Church after the Mouse Trap play. He decides not to kill him there because he is praying and therefore will be forgiven for his sin. This results in delaying of his main task and also made more room for error; such as killing Polonius and also getting sent to England, which leads to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s deaths. If Hamlet would have decided to kill him then, he would not have created the mess he ends up making at the end. Hamlet’s inability to talk and discuss to Ophelia about what is happening, after she starts rejecting his messages, leads to losing his love and ultimately ends up to her demise. Even though they were in love, when Ophelia begins rejecting Hamlet’s messages because Polonius told her to, Hamlet tells Ophelia that she was not worth anything to him. This leads her to believing that Hamlet does not love her anymore. As a conclusion, she goes crazy and out of control; for example: By Gis and by Saint Charity,  Alack, and fie, for shame! Young men will do ’t, if they come to ’t. By Cock, they are to blame. Quoth she, â€Å"Before you tumbled me, You promised me to wed. So would I ha done, by yonder sun, An thou hadst not come to my bed. (IV. V. 40) This is the scene where she has become insane. She sings about how a man promised her to marry her before they went into bed together but he left her. On top of Hamlet’s rejection, Hamlet has killed her father, Polonius, so she has completely lost control of herself. She sings a very sorrow song in front of many people and also gives out fake flowers to people. After this scene, she ends up committing suicide at the lake. If Hamlet had talked with Ophelia about what was going on and why she was ignoring her messages, she would have not become insane and Hamlet and Ophelia would still be in love. Hamlet’s final flaw is his inability to decide whether life is worth living or not, which contributes to his stubborn indecisiveness, which ultimately leads to his own downfall. Hamlet is very confused about his own life and is out of his mind. He is very depressed from his father’s death and the feeling of betrayal he has from Gertrude, his mother, who remarried right after his father’s death. He does not know if life is worth living or not and this is obvious when he says: To be, or not to bethat is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep No moreand by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to. Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep To sleepperchance to dream: ay, theres the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause. (III. I. 56) This is his famous soliloquy on the topic of life. He compares life and death and he cannot decide whether or not to stay alive or to be dead. He believes that death is the way to escape all his troubles and his depression but then on the other side, he knows he needs to complete the task of killing Claudius. His indecisiveness about his own life delays his action from doing what he really wants to accomplish. Even though Hamlet kills Claudius at the very end, as a result of his indecisive behavior, he has taken way too much time to accomplish one single task. Also, it killed many innocent people he could have prevented from killing them. If Hamlet would have not been so depressed and actually decide whether or not he should stay alive or die, he might have had a better chance accomplishing his tasks much faster and efficient. Clearly, Hamlet is very indecisive all over and his indecisiveness brought about his own downfall. His mother’s death, his love’s death and his friend’s deaths are all caused by Hamlet. If he were to be decisive and straightforward, he could have killed Claudius much faster and he also could have prevented all of the deaths that happened. Many theories attempt to explain why Hamlet takes so long to kill Claudius but out of many theories, Hamlet’s indecisiveness is the only one with full satisfactory answers. Every book or play has a tragic hero and every tragic hero has a tragic flaw and in the play Hamlet, there is no exception. These themes present in many of William Shakespeare’s plays are relevant even today. There are times when we are indecisive when it comes to difficult situations. To be able to decide and to act on what you decided to do is what we try to aim for, however, since Hamlet did not complete this, he led himself to his own downfall and also many other’s to their downfall as well.

Impact of Drinking Whilst Pregnant

Impact of Drinking Whilst Pregnant Samantha McKenna To what extent does drinking alcohol while pregnant affect the life of an unborn child? â€Å"In Australia, alcohol is responsible for a considerable burden of death, disease and injury† (Alcohol guidelines: reducing the health risks, 2015). â€Å"The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare report that 38% of Australian women consume 3 or more drinks per day† (Pyettfor, 2007). Thorough research has shown that there are many biological impacts on the fetus caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, which result in further impacts placed upon them as they go through life. Consuming any sort of alcohol while pregnant, including beer, wine and spirits, are all linked to the cause of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) (Womens and Childrens Health Network, 2014). Biological impacts Alcohol affects a fetus as the harmful substances can pass the placental barrier. This can occur very quickly because a fetus is nourished by the mother’s bloodstream, which results in the baby having the same alcohol blood levels as the mother (British Columbia Ministry of Education, 2010). Prenatal Alcohol exposure can affect the way a baby develops during all stages of the pregnancy, which can lead to biological anomalies for the child which effects are continuous (British Columbia Ministry of Education, 2010). Abnormalities in the fetus can include problems in the central nervous system, growth deficiency and abnormal facial characteristics, all as a result of alcohol consumption during pregnancy (Webb, 1991). This is because the development of the baby’s cells and organs can be disturbed. In particular, growth and development of the head are a common result of FASD. A person with FASD can have a smooth philtrum (no groove between upper lip and nose), a thin upper l ip and a small eye opening (Telethon Kids, 2011). An interview conducted with a midwife who wishes to remain anonymous has seen the effects of FASD firsthand, also supports this theory regarding the facial features of a person with FASD (Anonymous, 2015). There is also mild to severe brain developmental delays due to abnormalities in the brain cells (Jean, 2012). The cells are affected because â€Å"alcohol is so small in size so it can enter the developing cells and change the growth and migration of the cells, which reduces the number of pathways or connectors and alter the neurochemistry of the cells† (National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, 2013). This can produce permanent brain damage. The damage caused by the alcohol exposure results in problems with storing and retrieving information, problem solving, focus and verbal memory, due to the brains corpus callosum being damaged (Robinson, 2013). Issues from the brains cerebellum being damaged also create problems with controlling movements, maintaining balance and fine motor skills (National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, 2013). There are also possible heart damages (which are particular in the ventricular septum), low birth weight, geni tal defects, kidney problems and cerebral palsy. As well as limb anomalies such as curved little fingers, extra fingers or toes, or additional creases in hand (Telethon Kids, 2011). Some babies who are exposed to very high levels of alcohol as a fetus can possibly die due to the prenatal exposure (Womens and Childrens Health Network, 2014). â€Å"Data suggests that for every 10g of alcohol taken in daily during pregnancy the risk of developmental anomalies rises by 1.7% and fetal growth is reduced by 1% â€Å" (Cornwell, 1993). Although there is no safe amount of alcohol to drink, the more consumed the higher the risk will be any of the above effects impacting the child. Figure 1 shows how the damages to the brain compare to a brain with no prenatal alcohol damage. This shows the extent of how much damage occurs to the brain from alcohol consumption and how evident it is when compared to a brain not exposed to alcohol. Figure 1- brain scans showing the difference between two 6 week old babies brains. (FASlink, 2014). Social and behavioural impacts As stated above the consumption of alcohol while pregnant results in many biological impacts on the fetus; however, this also results in a range of social and behavioural issues on a child with FASD. As a consequence from the biological damages, this can result in the child’s difficulty in planning, setting goals, being on time and complying with legal obligations. Other complications can possibly include; issues at school, multiple foster care placements, reduced self esteem and depression, inappropriate sexual behaviour, inability to live independently, unemployment, poverty (Telethon Kids, 2011). â€Å"Often people who are born with FASD will show no outward signs and they may be misjudged for inappropriate actions, which can then be interpreted as bad behaviour† (Provicial Outreach Program for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, 2013), whilst the real cause is the unfortunate brain damage. FASD children, or adults, have ‘challenging behaviour’s’; as their actions seem impulsive, defiant or poorly thought out, and it is evident they struggle socially as they have difficulty making friends (FASD Characteristics across the Lifespan). People with FASD struggle linking their actions to possible outcomes, predicting outcomes, generalizing information, staying still, paying attention, have poor memory and language, and uneven maturation (Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, 2009). All of these conditions may not be noticed or observable as a baby and â€Å"only noticed when the child reaches school age, where the child’s behaviour and learning difficulties are problematic† (Pyettfor, 2007). Professor Elliot, the Professor of Pediatrics and Child Health at the University of Sydney supports these findings as she states â€Å"At the end of the day these children have problems with learning, behaviour and developmental growth†. Sue Miers also supports this theory as she says her daughter who has FASD â€Å" could not learn from her mistakes†. Her daughter is now 30 and still requires ongoing support (Jean, 2012). According to the Australian Journal of Advanced nursing, â€Å"pregnant women who are know to use illicit drugs face consequences that can include sometimes removal of children following birth† (Miles). This shows how alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have a great impact on the child, not only biologically, but also socially due to behavioural characteristics that last throughout their whole life. Prevalence of disorders Many surveys have been completed within Australia to measure the prevalence of disorders of FASD and the percentage of women who drink alcohol while pregnant. â€Å"A 2014 Australian survey estimates of people with FASD arrays from 0.006 to 0.068 per 1,000 live births† (Callinan, 2014). Another survey found that 81% of the participants of the survey reported to drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and 0.2% of the sample drank more than 20 units of alcohol a week. As well as 71% of the sample reporting 0 to 5 units per week (Callinan, 2014). Studies also show that younger women are more likely to stop drinking alcohol when they are aware of their pregnancy but are more likely to drink prior to their knowledge of the pregnancy (Breen, 2013). Another survey conducted by researchers found that 37.6% of the 1,633 women surveyed had consumed alcohol while pregnant during 2003-2004 (Callinan, 2014). This research also shows that younger women haven been exposed to different and more information on the pressures of drinking while pregnant than older women, resulting in a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy by younger women. A respondent by an individual who participated a survey produced for this research supports this theory. Respondent 9 wrote about being pregnant 39 years ago and how people were unaware of the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy during that time, as she is currently 69 years old, â€Å"there were no warnings that come to mind about â€Å"drinking alcohol† while pregnant† (FASD community survey, respondent 9, 2015). The graph pasted below (figure 2) also presents the decrease in women’s alcohol consumption from 2001 to 2007. In 2001 44% of the surveyed women drank whilst pregnant, in 2004 33% reported drinking, and in 2007 only 25% of the women reported alcohol consumption while pregnant. It also shows in 2010 49% of the women drank prior to their knowledge of pregnancy, but only 20% of the women drank once they were aware of there pregnancy (Callinan, 2014). (Callinan, 2014). Strategies implemented to reduce disorders As there is no cure for FASD, many prevention strategies are put into place in order to reduce the risk and prevalence of FASD and to stop women from drinking alcohol at risky levels during pregnancy, as well as plans to help the children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. The Australian Government as well as local communities have implemented strategies to reduce the impact of FASD. The Government scheme was introduced in 2013, which will last to 2017. The aim of this plan is stated below: Enhancing efforts to prevent FASD Secondary prevention targeting women with alcohol dependency Diagnosis and management Targeted measures supporting prevention and management of FASD within Indigenous communities and families in areas of social disadvantage National coordination, research and workforce support (Australian Department of Health, 2014). Australian institutes have also produced prevention advertisements in order to educate the community and publicize the effects of FASD, as seen below (figure 3). Figure 3: (FASD prevention, 2010) In 2007, The Marulu strategy has also been implemented into the community of Fitzroy, WA, which has high rates of alcohol use. The Marulu strategy tactics are; prevention through education, diagnosis, treatment, and support (Variety Charity, 2003). The Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation created the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Project in 2011. This projects aim is to raise awareness, educate, prevent and support children with FASD (National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder). Even though government strategies are implemented, these local projects are also essential for rural areas to become educated in the problem. Opinions of drinking alcohol while pregnant on mothers within society A survey conducted for the purpose of this research uncovered the opinion that women in Kensington Park, Adelaide, have on drinking alcohol while pregnant. The survey was completed by mothers in the community, due to the respondents needing to be women who have had children. Although, it was difficult to receive a large quantity of replies. 16 replies were collected and the context in each were of great standard, providing a strong understanding on their opinions of drinking alcohol whilst pregnant and the knowledge they obtained regarding this issue. Out of the 16 replies, 75% of respondents believed that no alcohol was an appropriate amount to be consumed during pregnancy, as they understood the possible risks (FASD community Survey, 2015). The other 25% stated they understood the risks but believe a small amount of alcohol during pregnancy was fine to consume (FASD community survey, 2015) (see appendix for further evidence). Keeping in mind if this survey were to be conducted in a different suburb (e.g. with a lower socio-economic status) the results may vary. To conclude, there is much scientific research and evidence to support the negative outcomes of drinking throughout pregnancy as it has a potentially detrimental effect on the life of an unborn child. As addressed above, the biological impacts such as cell migration that effects the overall development of the child’s brain and significantly affects the life of the child. Facial anomalies are also evident with prenatal alcohol exposure. The potential significant brain damage is the cause of unintentional negative social and behavioural effects on the child that affects them for their whole life. The statistics which state the prevalence of disorders and women who drink alcohol during pregnancy supports, along with the opinions women have towards drinking alcohol, supports how damaging this condition can have on the community and child as it’s a serious disorder which is not publicized to the community as often as it should. As stated above, a mother drinking alcohol whil e pregnant has a very large effect on the life of the child exposed physically, biologically, socially and behaviourally. Reference List Secondary sources- Alcohol guidelines: reducing the health risks. (2015, March 24). (A. Government, Producer) Retrieved April 10, 2015, from National Health and Medical Research: http://nhmrc.gov.au/health-topics/alcohol-guidelines Australian Department of Health. (2014). Responding to the impact of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Australia. Retrieved March 28, 2015, from Australian Government Department of Health: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/0FD6C7C289CD31C9CA257BF0001F96BD/$File/FASD%20-%20Commonwealth%20Action%20Plan%20MAY%202014%20(D14-1125690).pdf Breen, D. L. (2013). Its time to have the conversation: Understanding the treatment needs of women who are pregnant and alcohol dependent. NSW, Australia: University of New South Wales. British Columbia Ministry of Education. (2010). Alcohol effects on the developing brain. Retrieved Feburary 25, 2015, from FASDoutreach: http://www.fasdoutreach.ca/elearning/understanding-fasd/alcohol-effects-developing-brain Callinan, S. (2014, March 17). Trends in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Australia 2001-2010. Cornwell, A. (1993). Drugs, Alcohol and Mental Health (Vol. 2). Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. FASD Characteristics across the Lifespan. (n.d.). Retrieved April 2, 2015, from nofasd Australia: www.nofasd.org.au/_/FASD_-_Characteristics_across_the_Lifespan FASD prevention. (2010, October 1). Wallet Card: Say No to Alcohol When You Are Pregnant. Retrieved April 1, 2015, from Girls, Women, Alcohol and Pregnancy: https://fasdprevention.wordpress.com/2010/10/01/wallet-card-say-no-to-alcohol-when-you-are-pregnant/ FASlink. (2014). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved March 31, 2015, from FASlink: http://www.faslink.org/fasmain.htm Jean, P. (2012, September 12). Alcohol in pregnancy warnings. Canberra times . Miles, M. Challenges for midwives: pregnant women and illicit drug use (Vol. 1). Adelaide, SA, Australia: Australian Journal of advanced nursing. National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. (n.d.). Current FASD projects. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: http://www.nofasd.org.au/research-library/current-fasd-projects National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. (2013). What is FASD? Retrieved March 25, 2015, from National Organisation for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Australia: http://nofasd.org.au/resources/what-is-fasd-1 Provicial Outreach Program for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. (2013). What is FASD? Retrieved March 3, 2014, from Provicial Outreach Program for Fetal ALcohol Spectrum Disorder: https://www.fasdoutreach.ca/elearning/understanding-fasd/what-is-fasd Pyettfor, P. (2007). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A literature review for the Healthy pregnancies, Healthy Babies for Koor Communities Project. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: State of VIctoria . Robinson, M. (2013). How the first 9 months shape the rest of our lives. Australian Psychologist , 239-245. Telethon Institute for Child Health Research. (2009). Alcohol and Pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A resource for Health Professionals (Vol. 1). Perth, WA, Australia: Telethon Institute for Child Health Research. Telethon Kids. (2011). Alcohol, Pregnancy, FASD. Retrieved March 31, 2015, from Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: http://alcoholpregnancy.telethonkids.org.au/understanding-fasd/what-is-fasd/ Variety Charity. (2003). Supporting the Marulu Strategy . Retrieved March 25, 2015, from Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cegTvwWJjpY#action=share> Webb, I. (1991). Alcohol. Essex, Englans: Hodder Wayland. Womens and Childrens Health Network. (2014). Pregnancy and Alcohol- risks and effects on the developing baby. Retrieved March 31, 2015, from Womens and Childrens Health Network: http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114np=122id=1950 Primary sources Anonymous midwife. (2015, March 20). FASD interview. (S. McKenna, Interviewer) Adelaide, SA, Australia. FASD Community Survey, 2015. Appendix Some of the replies to â€Å"What is your personal opinion on drinking alcohol while pregnant? Do you think it’s acceptable to an extent? Why?† (FASD community survey, respondent 14, 9, 13, 4, 2015)

The Video Game Console Market Marketing Essay

The Video Game Console Market Marketing Essay The video game console market is a fast growing market. Sonys PlayStation 3 competes together with Nintendos Wii and Microsofts Xbox 360 for the market leader position. Compared with these competitors, Sonys PS3 includes the newest technologies and provides the highest variety of functionalities. Therefore, Sonys strategy is to target customers who focus on high technologies and multimedia-entertainment. However, this involves that the PS3 competes not only with console manufacturers, but also with other multimedia producers such as PC manufacturers. Due to the fact, that the Sonys PS3 will be quite expensive, the console will be available in a premium edition and in a cheaper basic edition. Considering the distribution of its PS3 games, Sony tries to change its traditional supply chain by providing an Internet platform, where users can download games. This results in saving costs and a faster distribution. Furthermore, the most important marketing tool is the Internet for promoting the PlayStation 3. Blogs, MySpace, YouTube and other kind of websites enable an area-wide promotion of the game console and especially, it is done by consumers. Another important tool is the official website, which offers among others information about the console and about available games. Additionally, Sony promotes its PlayStation 3 together with a meaningful slogan, which differs between Europe (This is living) and U.S. (Play Beyond). Finally, Sonys financing objectives are to sell 15 million exemplars in the first-year and to achieve total sales revenue of $8.25 billion. Its marketing goals are to sell more than 100 million exemplars in the long-run and to become the market leader. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1 Situation Analysis 2 2.1 Current marketing environment 2 2.2 Current Product Line 2 2.3 Product Analysis 3 2.4 Target Markets 3 2.5 Competitive Analysis 5 2.6 Product/Market Analysis Tools 5 2.7 SWOT Analysis 8 3 Objectives 8 4 Competition 9 4.1 Game console industry 9 4.2 Direct competitors 9 4.3 Market concept of competition 11 5 Product Unique selling proposition 12 6 Distribution 12 6.1 Supply chain 12 6.2 Next generation supply chain 14 6.3 Business Models 15 7 Marketing Strategy 16 7.1 AIDA 17 8 Marketing Mix Strategy of 4 Ps 18 8.1 Product 18 8.2 Price 18 8.3 Place 19 8.4 Promotion 19 9 Financial projections 19 10 Implementation controls 20 Situation Analysis Current marketing environment The video game console market is highly influenced from its demographic and technological environment. The worldwide population is growing and more and more people have a strong need for entertainment. Many people require something against boredom in their free time. Furthermore, the technology environment creates a variety of new functionalities which are almost unlimited. According to Moores Law, processor speed and memory capability reduplicate almost every 18 months by constant prices. Additionally, technologies such as High Definition TV provide a new way of entertainment consumption. Finally, another important influence in peoples behavior is enabled by the Internet. Its introduction was a milestone of the new economy. It allows finding almost any required information and enables worldwide communication as well as interaction and it simplifies doing business. Current Product Line Before we describe the features and functionalities of Sonys new video game console, the PlayStation 3, we would like to give a short overview of the companys current home video game line: PlayStation (PS1) The Sony PlayStation is the companys first video game console and was produced in the mid-1990s. It belongs to the fifth generation of video game consoles and provides a 32-bit processor. Furthermore, the PlayStation was the first game console that reached the 100 million mark. PlayStation 2 (PS2) Sonys PlayStation 2 is part of the sixth generation era and was released in 2000. Besides its 128-bit processor, it was the fist video game console that provides DVD playback functionality. It placed first in number of units sold in its sixth generation of video game consoles and it became the fastest selling and most popular game console in history, with over 110 million units shipped worldwide by November 2006.  [1]   PlayStation Portable (PSP) Sonys PlayStation Portable was the companys first handheld game console released in 2004. Besides playing games, it also provides different functionalities such as playing music, watching videos, viewing pictures and using Internet applications. Nowadays, the PSP is the main competitor of Nintendos Game Boy and Nintendo DS. Product Analysis The Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3) is the seventh generation video game console and the third in Sonys PlayStation series. The console was launched in North America and Japan in November 2006 and is yet expected to be launched in Europe by March 2007. The reason for its delay in Europe is a shortness of supplies with parts of the Blu-ray drive. The console offers high-end technology and it has been described as an engineering masterpiece because of its promising specification and use of new technology.  [2]   Furthermore, the PS3 will be available in two different editions on the one hand, a basic edition with a 20 GB hard disk drive (HDD), and on the other hand a premium edition with 60 GB HDD. Nevertheless, both editions will have key elements such the Blu-Ray Disc for High Definition movies, the Cell chip, Giga-bit Ethernet for high speed Internet-connection, and an HDMI connection for optimum output on HDTV. Compared with the basic edition, the premium edition will provide some extra features like support for multiple external memory storage devices (Memory stick, SD) and Wireless connectivity. More information about the specification can you find in the Appendix. Furthermore, Sonys newest game console provides a Linux operating system and some Internet applications such as an Opera Web browser and multiplaying functionality. Finally, another feature of the PlayStation 3 is the backward compatibility to Sonys previous video games for PS1 and PS2. Target Markets The following section should provide an overview of Sonys target market and of its targeted customers. Target market approach In our opinion, Sony should use a segmentation approach as their general strategy to reach targeted customers. Although mass-marketing would create the largest potential market, which leads to the lowest costs and results in lower prices or higher margins, we propose segment marketing because it can create a more fine-tuned product offering and price for the target segment. Moreover, this approach enables to select more easily the best distribution and communication channels, and to have a clearer picture of the main competitors.  [3]   Segmenting consumer markets Cultural distinctions, different needs and demands of individuals, and diversities in customers buying behaviours require market segmentation of companies to satisfy their customers effectively. Thereby, the market can be divided in geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation variables and the company can focus on target segments which it wants to attract.  [4]   According to Sony, the main geographic segments of the PlayStation 3 consist of the Northern America market, the Japanese market and the European market. When Sony released his first video game console PlayStation in 1994, the companys main focus was on the marketplace from 12- to 17-year-old boys. But nowadays, Sonys demographic segmentation divides the market of the PS3 in male and female, old and young players and expands its business vastly to a mainstream entertainment.  [5]  The PS3 offers a multifaceted repertoire of video games which includes something for everybody. Theres not merely one game to ultimately define the PS3 platform, but rather different must-have games for different segments of consumers. Additionally, an important and profitable demographic segment could be the college market because according to a study by Anderson Analytics GenX2Z only 26 percent of students report not playing video games.  [6]   Furthermore, Sony concentrates on a strong customer loyalty status in the behavioural segment. Besides its popular brand and the high reputation of its products, the company tries to win over its former consumers by the implementation of a backward compatibility which enables to play video games from its previous video game consoles (PlayStation 1, PlayStation 2). Finally, one of the important target segments of the PS3 involves consumers who require high technology. The company is convinced that its consumers desire and want to get the best out of the best. Characteristics of the targeted customers / product uses As already mentioned, Sonys targeted customers want to have the newest technologies and functionalities. Moreover, they need an entertainment system which provides functionalities such as viewing pictures, movies or listening music. The Playstation 3 can fulfil all this particular requirements and reach therewith a lot of different customers. First of all, video game players can use the console, because it provides high technology and a lot of different available games. Furthermore, movie lovers can use the PS3 because it involves a DVD drive and also allows watching movies in High Definition with its Blu-Ray drive. Moreover, customers can use the game console to see pictures from their last holidays easily by inserting their memory card in the included card-reader. Finally, customer can use the console to surf in the Internet or to use it instead of a computer, because its Linux operation system provides similar functionalities. Summarized, all members of a family can use the PlayStation 3 for different needs. For instance, children play video games during the day and when the father arrives, he uses the PlayStation to read his emails. Thereafter, the mother inserts the SD card in the PS3 and shows him the pictures from her trip to Stockholm last weekend. And at the evening, the whole family watch a movie together. This multimedia functionality provides the biggest benefit for the PS3s consumers. Purchasing process Some customers make their decision which game console they want to buy dependent from the number of available games. Not only the functionality and technology, but also the variety of games can be important for the decision-making process of customers. Therefore, the company has to offer information about the games which will be available for its game console. The primary channel for providing such information would be the official webpage. Furthermore, the final end-user of the game console is not always responsible for the purchasing process. For instance, sometimes parents purchase the game console for their children, and therewith another party is involved in the purchasing process. Market size estimations The number of consumers in the video game console industry increased continuously during the last years. Due to the fact, that game consoles of the newest generation are comparable with an entertainment system, we estimate a market size of 400 million potential users in Europe if everybody would buy the product. Considering that one product would be enough for a family, our final estimation of potential consumers will be 100 million in Europe. Furthermore, a forecast report of PricewaterhouseCoopers has shown that by 2010, the worldwide video game market will grow to $46.5 billion, at an average 11.4% compound annual rate.  [7]   Competitive Analysis Nintendo and Microsoft are the main competitors of Sony in the video game console industry. Considering the seventh generation, Sonys PlayStation 3 compete with Nintendos Wii and Microsofts Xbox 360. These two consoles were released world-wide in November 2006 and November 2005 respectively.  [8]   According to a study of the NPD Group about the best-selling video game consoles for December 2006, the Xbox 360 sold 1.1 million units, the Wii 604.2 thousand units and the PS3 490.7 thousand units. However, the PS3 sales figures include only the U.S. and Japan market, where it is released already. More details about the competition situation will be discussed in chapter 4 Competition. Product/Market Analysis Tools Product Life Cycle According to Sonys previous game consoles, the PlayStation 3 should have a 10-year product life-cycle. Its state-of-the-art technology involves that the usage of the PS3 resources and technology are just at the beginning and can fulfil all game requirements in the next years.  [9]   The product life-cycle consists of four different stages: Introduction: At this stage, the sales growth increase slowly when the product is introduced to the market. In Europe, the PS 3 is already located in the middle of this stage, because many game-console lovers and fans have ordered the PS 3 in advance to become one of the first consumers after its release in March 2007. For instance, a new PS 3 is pre-ordered almost each 20 seconds in Great Britain.  [10]   Growth: At this period, a market acceptance of the product is recognizable and the number of sales units increases. First-users report about the product positively and other consumers are becoming curious. Maturity: A slowdown in sales growth will be at this stage because the product has achieved acceptance by most of the buyers. Decline: Most of the potential buyers have already the product and therewith the number of sales declines. Figure 1: PlayStations Product Life-Cycle Different marketing strategies are necessary for each stage of the product life-cycle. We will discuss our recommended strategies in7 Marketing Strategy. Due to the fact, that the PlayStation 3 was already released in Japan and U.S., Figure 2 shows that the PlayStation 3 is located in a higher position compared with Europe. Figure 2: PS3s Product Life-Cycle in Japan and U.S. After shortness of supplies and an enormous rush demand in Japan and in the United States after the release in November 2006, a kind of stagnation is visible in these both markets today. Vendors report that a large contingent of the PlayStation 3 is still available in their shops.  [11]  Although Sony sees the reason for that in its optimized supply chain, the company has to consider new marketing strategies to increase its sales. The Boston Consulting Groups Growth-Share Matrix In the following section, we would like to analyse and classify Sonys game console product portfolio by profit potentials. Therefore, we used the Boston Consulting Group approach presented by Kotler.  [12]   Due to the fact, that the PlayStation 1 is not be sold anymore, we didnt regard it in our analysis. Figure 3: BCGs Growth-Share Matrix for Sonys game console product-line First, we placed the PlayStation Portable in the Question marks sector, because the market of game handhelds is still growing and as the strongest competitor of the market leader Nintendo DS, the relative market share of the PSP increases. Therefore, Sony has to spend a lot of money in the development and advertising of the PSP to keep up with the fast-growing market, and to overtake the market leader. Additionally, we also placed the PlayStation 3 in the Question marks sector, because the market of the seventh generation video game consoles is still increasing and it is not visible already if the PS 3 will take the position of the market leader. Finally, we located the PlayStation 2 in the Cash cow sector. The PS2 has a falling market growth rate after the release of the next generation game console. Nevertheless, it is still the market leader in its generation and it achieved higher sales units (1.4 million) as the Xbox360 (1.1 million), Nintendo Wii (604.2 thousand), and the PlayStation 3 (490.7 thousand) in December 2006.  [13]  According to the 10-year product life-cycle, the PS2 is in the decline stage and will stay in the market for the next 3 years yet. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis is the overall evaluation of a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.  [14]  It is used as a framework to help an organization develop its marketing strategy. Thereby, strengths and weaknesses are internal factors which can be controlled by an organization, whereas opportunities and threats consist of external factors which are uncontrollable by an organization. Figure 4: SWOT analysis for Sonys PlayStation 3 Objectives Sonys financial objectives are to: Achieve first-year total sales revenue of $8.25 billion, based on an average price of $550 per unit. Sonys PlayStation 3 marketing objectives are to: Achieve a first-year unit sales volume of 15 million, which represent a projected market share of 25 percent. Increase second-year share to 40 percent and become the market leader. Sell more than 100 million units in the long-term. Arrange for distribution through the leading electric, video games and computer retailer in the top 100 and establish an Internet platform. Competition Game console industry According to the industry concept of competition presented by Kotler  [15]  , an industry is a group of firms that offer a product or class of products that are close substitutes for another product. The structure type of the video game console industry is an oligopoly, because the Japanese Nintendo and Sony, and the U.S. Microsoft dominate the market. Particularly, the structure is a differentiated oligopoly, because only few companies producing products partially differentiated along lines of price and features. Furthermore, the console industry is characterized by large cost of barriers to entry according to Porters model of five competitive forces. It may cost up to $2 billion to develop a competitive console platform and returns on investment may take several years.  [16]   Furthermore, these three console manufacturers have a similar business model consisting of the following three income flows: Hardware sales Sales of own software/games Licences fees from other software/game developers that use the console platform Finally, Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony compete on a global basis with core markets in Japan, Europe and in the United States. Direct competitors The following section compares the direct competitors Nintendo, Microsoft and Sony with regard to their products, prices, sales units and game range. Product differentiation First of all, the following table shows the particular specification of each game console: Nintendo Wii Microsoft Xbox 360 Sony PlayStation 3 First publication 19 November 2006 (USA) 22 November 2005 (USA) 11 November 2006 (Japan) Processor IBM Broadway PowerPC (729 MHz) Tri-Core Xenon PowerPC (3,2 GHz) PPC Cell PowerPC (3,2 GHz) Graphic chip ATI Hollywood (243 MHz) ATI Xenos (500 MHz) nvidia RSX (550 MHz) Drives Own format (Wii and GameCube) CD, DVD (external HD-DVD drive available) CD, DVD, Blu-ray Maximal video quality SDTV = 480p (NTSC) or 576p (PAL/SECAM) HDTV = 480p 720p 1080i/p HDTV = 480p 720p 1080i/p (supports HDMI) Back. compatibility yes yes yes HDD 20 GB 20 GB / 60 GB I/O USB 2.0 (x2), SD USB 2.0 (x3) USB 2.0 (x4), PE: MemoryStick, SD CompactFlash Communication IEEE 802.11b/g Ethernet Extra feature: Wlan-Adapter Ethernet, Bluetooth 2.0, Wireless Controller, IEEE 802.11b/g (only premium edition) Furthermore, both competitors of Sonys PS3 provide an internet platform: Microsoft: Xbox Live Arcade Xbox Live Arcade (XBLA) is an online service that is used to distribute video games to Xbox 360 owners. Thereby, Microsoft offers an Xbox Live Marketplace, a virtual market place, where consumers can download movie and game trailers, game demos, Xbox Live Arcade games, gamer tag images, and Xbox 360 Dashboard themes.  [17]  The consumers can pay with Microsoft Points, which can be purchased by credit cards. Nintendo: WiiConnect24 It allows distributing content such as software patches and updated game contents while the Wii is on stand-bye.  [18]   Price strategy Nintendo offers the cheapest price in the game console market. Therefore, the company dispense with some extra features such as DVD drives or HDTV quality. Contrary, Sonys PlayStation 3 offers the newest technology with a plenty of accessories, but also the highest price. The following list shows the current prices in January 2007:  [19]   Nintendo Wii Microsoft Xbox 360 Sony PlayStation 3 Ca. 250 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 300 400 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (HDD-drive costs 200 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ extra) Basic edition: 500 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Premium edition: 600 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Market share in Japan and U.S. The following figures show how many game consoles each of the manufacturers has sold in Japan and U.S. during the last months:  [20]  21 Whereas Nintendos Wii was the market leader during the Christmas time in Japan, Microsofts Xbox 360 could sell the most units in the United States. Games An important criterion for buyers is the volume of games which are available for each game console. At the moment, Microsofts Xbox 360 consists of 82 exclusive games and 132 cross-platform games. In contrary, Nintendo offers 55 exclusive and 96 cross-platform games for its Wii. For Sonys PlayStation 3, 43 exclusive and 77 cross-platform games are planned. Figure 5: Available games for each console (Source GAMEZONE)  [22]   Market concept of competition Due to the fact, that the PlayStation 3 is more a multimedia centre than only a game console, we have to consider more competitors as only game console manufacturers. Therefore, we used the approach of Rayport and Jaworski to identify direct and indirect competitors by mapping the buyers steps in using the product.  [23]  The following figure shows the PS3s direct and indirect competitors: Figure 6: Competitor Map Sony PlayStation 3 Summarized, Sonys PlayStation 3 competes not only with other video game console companies, but also with PC manufactures and other high technology producers. Sonys PS3 offers besides a Linux operating system a plenty of functionalities such as Internet to attract previous PC users and to expand its market. This approach is comparable with Coca-Cola which identifies milk, coffee, tea, and water products as its main competitors.  [24]   Finally, Figure 7 shows Sonys market position with regard to technology and price compared with its video game console competitors: Figure 7 Market position of the main video game consoles Product Unique selling proposition The unique selling proposition is a marketing approach to promote a products benefit and to convince customers that the company can deliver it. For Sonys PlayStation 3, the main benefit, especially compared with its competitors, is its functionality as a multimedia centre and its state-of-the-art technology. Nevertheless, Sony has to consider that its targeted consumers are located in different market segments with different demands and wishes. Therefore, the company has to develop different unique selling propositions. First considering the video game hardcore fans segment, these costumers want to have the best and newest technology. Due to the fact, that the PS3 fulfil these requirements at best compared with its competitors, Sony should promote this in its advertisements, especially in game magazines. Furthermore, Sony wants to attract also middle-age consumers and families. The most benefit for these customers is to use the PlayStation 3 as a multimedia system which offers a variety of functionalities. Therefore, the company should focus on its multimedia range. Summarized, the companys unique selling proposition should consist of newest technology and multimedia-functionality. To emphasize this, Sony uses a short slogan after every mention of its products. In the United States, Sony evokes the following slogan: Play Beyond. People should associate therewith that the PS3 is not only a game console which enables playing video games, but also a system which allows playing in High Digital quality and getting a feeling of reality. Furthermore, the PS3 offers more than playing video games, it is a multimedia system that can be used for different pleasures such as Internet surfing or watching movies that can also be interpreted as a kind of playing. However, Sony uses a different slogan for the European market. The reason is that people with few English skills will not understand the impact of Play Beyond or will be interpreted wrongly. Therefore, Sony uses the following slogan in Europe: This is living. The slogan is really simple and uses words which can be understood by not English-speakers. Consumers can associate that the PS3 delivers a kind of living standard and ensures to enjoy living. Furthermore, its a relation to PS3s multimedia functionalities which are desired for every household these days. It emphasizes that the game console is the core of living room entertainment. Distribution Supply chain With the video game industry being the fastest growing sector of the growing entertainment industry, the industrys revenue has now reached $26 billion in annual revenue and there is currently no indication of decline in the industry. So, in order to identify how the revenue is distributed, its essential to look at the supply chain of the entire PS3 business. As seen in the supply chain, there are opportunities in many aspects of the console business, coming from the actual console sales as well as extras such as games. Figure 8: Original supply chain for video games.  [25]   The customers, as identified by our segmentation analysis table, are at the end of the supply chain, and their consuming of video games are distributes across several actors. Additionally, the most known among the actors are of course the hardware manufacturers, which include Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft. Except for the revenue coming from the console sales, they also get about 20% of the market price for the games, which are mostly sold in the growth level of the product life-cycle. The additional revenue in the supply chain is split among the other actors. Looking more closely at the publishers and developers, we realize that the publishers are likely to take a large portion of the revenue. Those are the large international companies that have sufficient funds to build a distribution network and employ developers to pull off new best-selling games for the consoles. Hardware manufacturers usually try to pull off deals with these companies when they identify potential best-selling games because the top 3.3% of the games bring in 55% of the sales revenue. For this reason, some hardware manufacturers, most notable Microsoft, tend to buy top-creative publishers to secure exclusive rights of new games for their console. Because of the complexity with world-wide game launches, there are almost always distribution partners in the chain, those accounts for an estimate of 10% of the shelf price. Next are the retail channels, which include online stores as well as retail stores. However, they are becoming increasingly bypassed in the supply chain, as discussed in the next generation supply chain (described in detail below). When they do exist in the supply chain though, they take an estimate of 30% of the shelf price. Developers are a mix of artists and engineers that create the actual games played on the console. Typically, they are funded by the publishers and together they take between 40 to 60% of the shelf price. Notably, in recent years another actor have also entered the supply chain as the industry have grow

Essay --

e Rush Professor Amita Topics in History: Buddhism December 16, 2013 â€Å"Finding Oneself in a Suffering Based World† ACADEMIC INTEGRITY PLEDGE On my honor, I have neither received nor given any unauthorized assistance on this examination (assignment). ___________Paije Rush_______ Print Name ____________Paije Rush______ Signature (Print Name again on e-submission) __________December 17, 2013________ Date All of our problems and suffering originate from confused negatives states of mind and all happiness and good fortunes derive from peaceful and positive states of mind. In this course, we have learned about the Buddha, the Dharma, The Four Noble Truths, the cause and effect of suffering in one’s life. In this course I have learned to creatively and critically analyze literary materials learned through the Buddha’s insights from over 2,000 years ago. I was taught methods for gradually overcoming negative minds such as anger to develop minds with love compassion and wisdom, attributes that are obtained through experience. Topics in History of Buddhism has taught me that Buddhism is a religion of its own that you learn through practice and experience rather than a belief. This idea is a little complicated for some to grasp. In our culture, â€Å"religion† is a better system and â€Å"faith† is one’s way of accepting those beliefs. The Buddha has taught us to accept no teachings without testing them. Instead of believing in teachings one should practice the teachings to realize the truth of them. In Buddhism there are three general levels of the communication. There is the enlightened level, the intellectual level, and the common level. Within these three levels enforces the learning and practicing of the Buddha’s teachings. With le... ...ous life changes. They went from having extremely poor behavior to influencing others to be involved in such an inspirational journey. Overall, from this course I have obtained the notion that overcoming suffering truly depends on the person and their dedication to wanting to free themselves of suffering, pain, violence, and fear to live a liberated life. As long as we are enveloped in ignorance, one’s thought of self, the world, and anything else is just a theory until proven to be true. One must grasp the idea that extinction of desire, Nirvana, and following the steps on the path to liberation is the ultimate goal of a suffer-free life. Once one can successfully cultivate one’s mind so that they are free from the delusion of â€Å"I† and the craving for the wrong type of pleasures, one can then see oneself for themselves and the have a clear understanding of reality.

The Stamp Act :: essays research papers

The Stamp Act of 1765 was a tax put on the British American colonies, sponsered by George Grenville and was the first direct tax placed on them. Parliament needed means to help fund expensive costs of keeping troops inside the colonies, so they imposed a tax on all of the colonies everyday printed materials, such as pamphlets and newspapers, and all legal and commercial documents, which all needed to have a certain special stamp placed on it. Many agents of the American colonies that resided in London had suggested other methods to obtain the needed money but where ignored and the Americans where taxed. There were many Americans who did not elect members of Parliament and they greatly opposed the Stamp Act, for two reasons, because they didn't have enough money to pay for them and also it went against their new principle that said, " No taxation without representation." This new tax made many Americans very angered and their actions that came from this started the way towards the American Revolution. There was many forms of resistance, including the king and Parliament receiving many petitions, Americans boycotting the British goods, and printers and lawyers refusing to use the stamps for stamping documents. Another major point is that violence sparked up from the Sons of Liberty, and in New York rioters got so violent that the destroyed a British officer's house because he had said that he "would cram the stamps down America throats at the point of his sword." The Stamp Act Congress was the first conference that held multiple people from several colonies, and was formed of delegates from nine of the thirteen original colonies, which were Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Ilsand, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Deleware, Maryland, and South Carolina. They met in New York over the dates of October 7th to the date of October 25th, and they created a